请求帮助！好人有好报啊！帮忙翻译Wheel Alignment'

chinageorge

帮忙翻译下面文章。
Wheel Alignment
The purpose of proper wheel alignment is to provide maximum safety, ease of handling, stability, and directional control of the vehicle. This requires that each of the steering angles (steering geometry) be adjusted to the specifications recommended by the vehicles require different settings. Follow the specific shop manual for each vehicle. The wheels must also be in proper dynamic and static balance to achieve these purposes.
Steering geometry refers to the angels formed by the steering and suspension parts in relationship to the frame and body of the vehicle. These angles include camber, caster, steering axis inclination, toe in (toe out), and toe out on turn (turning radius). Ideally, the vehicle center line, geometric center line, and the thrust line would all be identical and the car would form a perfect 90о rectangle. Because of factory tolerances and the unitized construction common to today’s cars, this is rarely, if ever, the case.
On all vehicles it is important to remember that the rear axle dictates the position of the front wheels. On frame-type vehicles, two-wheel alignments are taken from the frame and the rear axle is assumed to be in correct alignment. On unitized vehicles with four wheel independent suspension, there is no frame to work with, so we can no longer assume that rear wheels are in correct alignment; therefore, four-wheel alignment is necessary to give proper steering and handling.
Tracking and wheelbase
For proper tracking, all four wheels must be parallel to the frame. This requires that the wheelbase to equal on both sides of the vehicle. The four wheels should be positioned to form a rectangle.
Camber
Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel at the top. Inward tilt is negative camber and outward tilt is positive camber. The tilt of the wheel (camber) is measured in degrees and is adjustable on many vehicles.
Caster
Caster is the forward or backward tilt of the spindle or steering the knuckle at the top when viewed from the side. Forward tilt is negative caster and backward tilt is positive caster. Caster is measured in the number of degrees that it is forward or backward from true vertical and is adjustable on many vehicles.
Steering Axis inclination
Steering axis inclination is the inward tilt of the steering knuckle at the top. Steering axis inclination is measure in degrees and is not adjustable. If incorrect, suspension parts are at fault and must be replaced.
Toe-In (Toe Out)
Toe-in occurs when the front wheels are slightly closer together at the front wheels are slightly closer together at the front than at the rear. Toe-in is measured in inches, millimeters, or degrees. A limited amount of toe-in or toe-out is needed to allow for the fact that the wheels spread apart or come together slightly at the front when driving down the road, depending on vehicle design. This provides a zero running toe and no tire scuffing.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out is the most frequent cause of rapid tire-tread wearing. Toe setting is the last adjustment to be made when performing a wheel alignment. On most front-wheel-drive vehicles, toe-out setting is required to provide a zero running toe. This is because the driving front wheels are trying to go around the steering axis inclination pivot point with a negative scrub radius. Rear wheels are designed with zero to slight toe-in, depending on the vehicle. This provides straight running as driving forces tend to push back the rear spindles. Correct toe is important for increasing tire life.
Toe-Out on Turns
Toe-out on turns is the different turning radius of the two front wheels. When the car is in a turn, the inner wheel is turned more than the outer wheel, resulting in toe-out on turns. This is caused by the steering arms being bent inward where they connect to the steering linkage. It is needed to prevent tire scuffing (dragging sideways) during a turn. Since the inner wheel follows a smaller circle than the outer wheel when in a turn, toe-out on turns is necessary. Toe-out on turns is not adjustable and is corrected by replacing steering arms.
Center Point Steering
Although not technically an alignment angle, this causes more customer complaints than any other condition. Customers generally know little about alignment and to them, when the steering wheel is not centered, the car is not aligned correctly.
Wheel Alignment Procedure
Customer and vehicle safety depend on the technician’ ability to follow proper procedures and specifications. To achieve this, the following factors should be included.
􀂾 Perform all pre-alignment checks properly to determine extent of repairs required.
􀂾 The vehicle’s steering and suspension system, including tires, should be in good condition before attempting alignment.
􀂾 Use all alignment equipment as recommended by manufacturer.
􀂾 Tighten all fasteners to specified torque.
􀂾 Install cotter pins wherever required.
􀂾 Observe all safety precautions when positioning the vehicle on the alignment machine.

zhaodong543

不好搞啊阵阵的

ding2001817

是不是关于四轮定位的东西？
我试以下

ding2001817

四轮定位
正确的四轮定位可以提高安全性、稳定性，减轻方向盘操纵力，确保汽车直线行驶。这就要求转向轮的每一个参数都需要满足汽车所需的相应数据，具体车型具体分析。为满足这些条件车轮也必须进行静、动平衡试验处理。
转向轮参数指的是转向节与车轮连接、悬架与车架连接时所构成的角度。主要包括：车轮外倾，主销内倾，主销后倾，前束。理想条件下，车辆实际中心线、车辆理论中心线，后轮推进线应该是重合的，并且车辆会形成一个完美的90о rectangle ？ 。但是因为汽车生产企业和零部件企业的装配和制造误差，三线相合很难达到。

wlg4321

四轮定位
四轮定位准确是保证汽车最大限度安全行驶，汽车更容易控制，稳定以及汽车方向的控制。这就要求每一个轮子的转向角度要按每款车的规范来进行调整不同的汽车设置要求不同（转向几何学）。依据是每一款汽车的出厂手册。车轮必须做动态平衡和静态平衡才能实现这些目的。
转向几何学参考的是转向和悬挂部分与车架和车身之间的转角形成。这些角度包括弧度，脚轮，方向盘转向轴，转弯和转弯半径。理想的，汽车中心线，几何中心线，和推理线才能是汽车形成一个完美的矩形90°的转向。因为工厂的公差和组合结构共同实现今天的汽车，这是很难得的，如果有的话。

arbox007

看不懂……

weiziwen101

四轮定位
在适当的车轮定位的目的是为了提供最大的安全，易于操作，稳定，车辆方向控制。这就需要对转向角度（转向几何）调整为按车辆的规格建议每个需要不同的设置。按照特定的商店为每辆车手册。车轮也必须在适当的动态和静态的平衡，以达到这些目的。
转向几何，是指由转向和悬挂零件组成的关系的框架和车身的天使。这些角度包括曲面，连铸机，转向轴倾角，前束（趾出），并趾转出（转弯半径）。理想情况下，车辆中心线，几何中心线和推力线都将是相同的车将成为一个完美的90о矩形。由于工厂公差和单位化建设共同到今天的汽车，这是很少，如果以往任何时候都如此。
在所有车辆重要的是要记住，后轴决定了前轮的位置。论框架式车辆，二轮的路线是取自框架和后轴被假定为在正确的路线。与单位化的四轮独立悬挂的车辆，没有框架与工作，所以我们不能再假定，后轮是在正确的路线，因此，四车轮定位是要给予适当的指导和处理。
跟踪和轴距
为了妥善跟踪，所有四个车轮必须平行于框架。这就要求平等的轴距对车辆的两侧。这四个轮子应该被定位成一个矩形。
弧形
坎贝尔是在方向盘向内或向外倾斜的顶部。向内倾斜，是消极的拱和拱向外倾斜是积极的。该轮（弯度倾斜）是衡量度，是许多车辆可调。
卡斯特
卡斯特是向前或向后倾斜的主轴或转向上方的关节时，从侧面看。连铸机倾斜向前为负，落后倾斜是积极的连铸机。连铸机是测量的程度是多少，它与真正的向前或向后垂直，是根据许多车辆可调。
转向轴倾斜
转向轴倾角是向内倾斜的转向关节在顶部。转向轴倾斜程度是衡量和不可调。如果不正确，悬挂部件都错了，必须更换。
脚趾在（趾输出）
脚趾在发生时，前轮是在前轮稍微更紧密稍一起密切比在后方阵地。脚趾中是英寸，毫米，或度测量。一个脚趾或脚趾的是需要让轮子的事实，散布或来除了在前线时，驾驶在道路上，根据车辆设计略有一起数量有限。这提供了一个零运行的脚趾，没有轮胎划伤。
不正确脚趾或脚趾的是最常见的原因迅速轮胎胎面磨损。脚趾设置是要作出最后的调整时执行一个四轮定位。在大多数前轮驱动的车辆，脚趾超时设置必须提供一个零运行脚趾。这是因为驱动前轮正试图绕过转向轴负擦洗半径倾向支点。后轮设计与零至轻微脚趾中，在车辆上而定。这提供了直线运行往往作为动力，推动回后方锭。正确的脚趾是很重要的增加轮胎的寿命。
脚趾就打开
脚趾上原来是两个不同的转折前轮半径。当汽车在转弯是，内轮转向比外轮，在脚趾上原来造成。这是由向内弯曲转向被武器，他们连接到方向盘之间的联系。这是需要防止轮胎划伤（侧身拖）在转弯。由于内轮如下1比小圆圈外车轮在转弯时，脚趾就变成是必要的。脚趾上原来是不可调，并通过更换转向臂纠正。
森特波恩特督导
尽管不是技术上的调整角度，这将导致更多的条件比任何其他客户的投诉。客户通常知道路线和他们，当方向盘不居中少，车是不正确对齐。
车轮定位程序
客户和车辆的安全依赖于技术人员的能力，遵循正确的程序和规范。为了做到这一点，以下因素应包括在内。
􀂾执行所有预定位检查，以确定适当程度的维修需要。
􀂾车辆的转向和悬挂系统，包括轮胎，应该是在良好的状态，然后再尝试对齐。
􀂾使用所有校准设备制造商推荐。
􀂾到指定的扭矩拧紧所有的紧固件。
􀂾如有需要，须安装开口销。
􀂾遵守所有安全防范措施时，定位定线机上的车辆。

smf风筝

weiziwen101 发表于 17-6-2010 15:49
四轮定位
在适当的车轮定位的目的是为了提供最大的安全，易于操作，稳定，车辆方向控制。这就需要对转向角 ...

为什么不能复制啊