转子发动机介绍的英语版

法拉利

WANKEL ROTARY PISTON ENGINE
   
   The Wankel rotary piston engine, although under
development for a number of years, has arrived on
the automotive scene in significant numbers.
   Named after its German inventor, Dr. Felix
Wankel, the Wankel rotary piston engine is very
powerful for its size.
   This engine is also often referred to as a Wankel
Engine, Rotary Piston Engine, Rotary Combustion
Engine or just Rotary Engine. In the interest of brevi-
ty, we shall refer to the engine as a "rotary engine."
  
CERTAIN ADVANTAGES
   
   The rotary engine has several advantages as com-
pared to the reciprocating piston engines now in
popular use. It is considerably smaller and lighter. It
is an extremely simple engine, using many less parts.
It has no reciprocating (back and forth) motion, pro-
duces less vibration and offers significantly more
horsepower than a reciprocating engine of com-
parable size.
   Just how widely used the rotary engine will become
depends on a great many factors, not the least of
which are possible improvements to the standard
piston engine, adaptability to future emission control
requirements, other possible engine types and public
acceptance of the engine.

ROTARY ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
   
   Rotary engines are not classified as four cylinder,
six cylinder, etc. In fact, they have no cylinders in the
usual sense.
   The number of ROTORS used in the engine is the
basis for one classification--single-rotor, double-
rotor, triple-rotor, etc. They are also referred to as
l-rotor, 2-rotor, 3-rotor, etc.
  Although a number of 3-rotor and 4-rotor ex-
perimental engines have been built, common usage at
this time employs either a l-rotor or a 2-rotor engine.
The l-rotor engines are used mostly for small gasoline
engine applications (snowmobiles, garden tractors,
outboards,  etc.)  and  the  2-rotor  models  for
automobiles.

ROTARY CONSTRUCTION
  
   Our coverage will relate to the 2-rotor engine.
Remember that the l-rotor operates exactly the same
way; the only difference is that is has just one rotor.
  Basically, there are just three moving parts in the
2-rotor engine--the eccentric shaft (also called main-
shaft) and the two rotor assemblies. The remainder of
the engine consists of two rotor housings, two end
housings, two fxed gears, and a center housing. All
the housings are held rigidly together with a series of
bolts.
ROTOR HOUSING
  
   The rotor housing, usually made of aluminum or
nodular iron, has a curved, oblong inner shape. Fig.
9-3.  This  shape  is  known  as  a  2-node
EPITROCHO1D curve. The space between the inside
epitrochoid curve and the exterior is hollowed out to
allow passage of coolant. The series of small round
holes are for the draw bolts that will secure the center
or intermediate housing and the end housings. See
Fig. 9-3.

The epitrochoid curve area of the rotor housing is
commonly plated with a thin layer of hard chrome,
nickel alloy, etc., to produce a smooth, long wearing
contact surface for the rotor seals.
   This particular housing contains holes for TWO
spark plugs and has a peripheral exhaust gas port.
Some rotary engines employ ONE spark plug per
housing.

ECCENTRIC SHAFT
  
  The ECCENTRIC SHAFT (similar in action to a
crankshaft) has TWO eccentric rotor journals. Note
that they face exactly opposite (180 deg.) each other.
Fig. 94. The shaft has two main hearing journals and
is drilled for the passage of lubricating oil.
  The eccentric shaft passes through the center of
both rotor housings and is supported by the main
journal bearings located in the end housing. Fig. 9-4.

INTERMEDIATE HOUSING
  
   The  rotor  housings  are  separated  by  an  IN-
TERMEDIATE housing. This housing has a center

hole through which the eccentric shaft passes. Both
sides are ground to provide a smooth, fiat surface
upon which the rotor side seals operate. The edges are
hollow lor passage of coolant. On the intermediate
housing shown in Fig. 9-5, a fuel mixture intake port
is provided on each side. Fig. 9-5.


ROTOR
  
   A triangular shaped ROTOR made of special cast
iron is used in each rotor housing. The rotor has an

inner bearing surface that rides on the eccentric shaft
rotor journal. The rotor also has an internal gear
(fixed to the rotor) that is in constant mesh with the
end housing fixed gear.
  The three rotor faces each contain a depression
{cutout) that forms the combustion chamber. Both
rotor sides as well as each apex (end or tip) are
grooved for seals. Fig. 9-8 illustrates a typical rotor
along with the seals.
  The rotor, mounted on the eccentric shaft, is
shown in position in the rotor housing in Fig. 9-9. All
three  rotor  tips  just  clear  the  rotor  housing
epitrochoid surface. Fig. 9-9.

           
             ROTARY ENGINE OPERATION
  
   The rotary engine is a four-cycle engine and per-
forms the four distinct strokes involved-intake,
compression, power, and exhaust.
   Each face of the triangular rotor acts much as a
conventional piston in that it draws in the mixture,
compresses it, applies the power of the burning
charge to the eccentric shaft and exhausts the burned
mixture. Instead of a reciprocating action, however,
the rotor continually revolves in the same direction as
the eccentric shaft.

FIXED GEAR FORCES ROTOR TO REVOLVE AT
ONE-THIRD  ECCENTRIC SHAFT SPEED
   
   If the rotor were mounted freely on the eccentric
shaft rotor journal, the rotor would merely whirl as a

fixed part of the shaft and the tips could not follow
the epitrochoid rotor housing surface.
   By meshing the rotor internal gear with. a fixed gear
attached to the end housing, when the eccentric shaft
turns, it forces the rotor to "walk" around the fixed
gear. This "walking" action causes the rotor to
revolve around the eccentric shaft rotor journal in the
same direction as the eccentric shaft and, at the same
time, keeping all three rotor tips constantly close to
epitrochoidal wall of rotor housing.
  This planetary motion of the rotor constantly
changes chamber volume between each rotor face and
rotor housing. The change in volume is the principle
used for engine operation.
  Study the rotor action in A, B, C, D, and E, Fig.
9-12. In A note that the red line on the eccentric shaft
and the red dot on the lower rotor lobe are aligned. In
B, the eccentric shaft has moved to the right
{clockwise)--see red line. The rotor has also moved
clockwise but at a slower speed. Follow the alignment
of the red line and red rotor dot from A through E.
Actually, the eccentric shaft must make THREE
complete revolutions in order to turn the rotor ONE
full turn. The rotor then, turns at ONE-THIRD ec-
centric shaft speed. Also note how the chamber
volume for each rotor face is changed as the rotor or-
bits about the fixed gear. Fig. 9-12.


ROTOR SIDE SEALS
  
   Both sides of the rotor have spring loaded seals to
close the very small running clearance between rotor
sides and the housing surface. The seals provide a
barrier against compression loss and also control oil
consumption. The seals can incorporate a rubber
O-ring at the bottom of the seal groove to prevent oil
transfer between seal and seal groove.
  The side seals operate under conditions much less
severe than the tip or apex seals and as such can be
made of regular cast iron similar to the material used
for conventional piston rings. Typical side seals are
shown in Fig. 9-8.

法拉利

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